Microplastics Found in Human Brain: What a New Study Reveals About Health Risks

The mounting evidence of the harmful impacts of plastics in our daily lives has taken a new turn with a recent study highlighting the presence of micro- and nanoplastics in human brains. Researchers from the University of New Mexico have discovered that the levels of these tiny plastic particles in brain tissue have increased by 50% since 2016, now equating to the size of an entire plastic spoon.

The study, published in the journal Nature Medicine, involved analyzing brain samples from autopsies conducted on individuals who died in 2016 and 2024, all of whom lived in New Mexico. The findings revealed that microplastics are accumulating at an alarming rate, particularly in the frontal cortex, the region of the brain associated with thinking and reasoning.

“The concentrations we saw in the brain tissue of normal individuals were 4,800 micrograms per gram, or 0.48% by weight—the equivalent of a standard plastic spoon,” noted Matthew Campen, a professor at the University of New Mexico and co-author of the study.

The comparison of samples from 1997 to 2013 with those from 2024 showed a significant increase in microplastic contamination in the brains of Americans. Alarmingly, the 2024 samples contained 7-30 times more plastic than samples from the liver and kidneys, suggesting that the brain may struggle to clear these particles effectively, unlike the liver and kidneys, which show some ability to flush out microplastics.

Campen commented on the startling nature of these findings, stating, “Our brains today are 99.5% brain and the rest is plastic.”

The study also posits that these particles, which are often smaller than 200 nanometers, might be entering the brain by hitching a ride with dietary fats. “One theory is that plastics are hitching a ride with the fats we eat, which are then delivered to the organs that really like lipids—the brain is top among those,” Campen explained.

This issue isn’t limited to the brain. Previous research has found microplastics in various human organs, including the heart, liver, lungs, and even reproductive organs. Dr. Philip Landrigan, a pediatrician and biology professor, emphasized the uncertainty surrounding the effects of these particles, noting, “The biggest question is, ‘OK, what are these particles doing to us?’ Honestly there’s a lot we still don’t know.”

The study also found higher levels of plastic fragments in the brains of individuals diagnosed with dementia, although Campen cautioned against interpreting this as a causal relationship. “It’s a little bit alarming, but remember that dementia is a disease where the blood-brain barrier and clearance mechanisms are impaired,” he said.

Despite the unknowns, experts like Dr. Landrigan urge precaution, stating, “I would say we have enough information here that we need to start taking protective action.”

While the production of plastics continues unabated, individuals can take steps to reduce their exposure. Using reusable bags, buying in bulk, and avoiding heating food in plastic containers are practical measures. Additionally, switching to refillable water bottles and supporting sustainable brands can help curb plastic waste.

By adopting these habits, individuals can make a meaningful impact on their plastic exposure and contribute to broader environmental efforts.

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