Getting a good night’s sleep can be challenging for many, with stress, racing thoughts, and other factors often disrupting rest. However, recent research published in Scientific Reports highlights a particular challenge for women, who tend to sleep less and experience more interruptions compared to men. This discrepancy is not just due to lifestyle factors, as previously thought, but may also be influenced by biological differences.

“In humans, men and women exhibit distinct sleep patterns, often attributed to lifestyle factors and caregiving roles,” explained Rachel Rowe, PhD, assistant professor of integrative physiology at the University of Colorado Boulder. “Our results suggest that biological factors may play a more substantial role in driving these sleep differences than previously recognized.”

The study utilized “ultrasensitive moment sensors” to monitor the sleep patterns of mice, revealing that male mice enjoyed about 670 minutes of sleep—an hour more than female mice—over a 24-hour period. This additional sleep time for males occurred during the non-rapid eye movement (NREM) phase, known for its restorative benefits, where the body undergoes essential repair processes.

Female mice, on the other hand, experienced more fragmented sleep and shorter sleep intervals. This pattern of sleep is not unique to mice but has been observed in other species as well. Rowe noted the evolutionary perspective, suggesting, “From a biological standpoint, it could be that females are designed to be more sensitive to their environment and be aroused when they need to be because they are typically the one who is caring for the young.”

This sensitivity might have been crucial for survival, ensuring that females could respond quickly to any threats. Rowe humorously added, “If we slept as hard as males sleep, we would not move forward as a species, right?”

The study also raises questions about whether women might inherently require less sleep or if hormonal factors, such as sex hormones and cortisol, play a more significant role in affecting women’s sleep. Rowe pondered, “For me, the question is: Are we creating too much stress for ourselves because we don’t sleep as much as our husband or partner and think our sleep is poor when actually that is a normal sleep profile for ourselves?”

This research not only provides validation for women who feel their sleep is insufficient but also highlights important considerations for future studies. Despite the National Institutes of Health (NIH) requiring animal studies to consider “sex as a biological variable,” there is still a noticeable bias.

As Grant Mannino, the study’s first author, pointed out, “Bottom line: If females are underrepresented, drugs that work best for them may seem ineffective, or side effects that hit hardest may go unnoticed.”

The study emphasizes the necessity of analyzing male and female data separately and ensuring equal representation in research. Rowe concluded, “The most surprising finding here isn’t that male and female mice sleep differently. It’s that no one has thoroughly shown this until now. We should have known this long before 2024.”

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As we become more vigilant about skincare, we often focus on our faces, leaving our hands overlooked. Yet, our hands are just as exposed to the elements and can show signs of aging just as quickly. Dermatologists emphasize the importance of protecting our hands from sun damage, which can lead to premature aging. Here are some expert tips to help you keep your hands looking youthful and healthy.

Remember Your Hands in Your Skincare Routine

It’s common to have a dedicated skincare routine for the face, but hands deserve attention too. Hand and cosmetic surgeon Bryan Michelow, MD, explains, “Most of us have a skin care regimen for our faces, but we often forget about our hands.” Our hands are frequently exposed to the sun and other harsh elements, making them susceptible to aging. Incorporating them into your daily skincare routine is essential.

Apply Sunscreen Daily

Using sunscreen on your hands is crucial in preventing signs of aging. Dermatologist Amy Kassouf, MD, advises, “Get in the habit of wearing sunscreen every day.” A broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 50 or higher can help prevent age spots and wrinkles on your hands. Make it a habit to apply sunscreen to your hands whenever you apply it to your face.

Protect Your Hands from UV Exposure

Even if you’re diligent about applying sunscreen, it’s easy to forget your hands. Beverly Fischer, MD, highlights the common oversight: “While you most likely apply sunscreen to your face and body when they’re exposed to the sun, you’re not alone if you accidentally skip your hands.” For added protection, consider using driving gloves to shield your hands when you’re in the car.

Be Cautious with Manicures

When getting a gel manicure, your hands are exposed to UV lamps. Dermatologist and cosmetic surgeon Dr. Lisa Chipps suggests, “If you’re getting your nails done — especially a gel manicure — always apply sunscreen before exposing your hands to the UV lamps.” This simple step can help minimize UV damage during your nail appointments.

Mind the Water Temperature and Use Gloves

Your hands endure a lot, from washing to cleaning. Dr. Fischer advises against using too-hot water and recommends wearing gloves when cleaning with harsh chemicals. “Your hands take a beating over the years,” she notes, emphasizing the importance of gentle care to maintain skin integrity.

Prevention is Key

Starting a hand protection routine is never too late. Dermatologist Jennifer Lucas, MD, reminds us, “You’re in control of your skin and can minimize your risk of developing skin cancer and looking older by consistently applying your sunscreen.” A proactive approach can prevent future damage and keep your hands youthful.

Taking care of your hands is as important as caring for your face. By incorporating these expert tips into your daily routine, you can protect your hands from premature aging and maintain their youthful appearance. Your hands deserve the same love and attention as the rest of your skin, so make sure they get it.

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Exploring the potential of CBD in managing chronic pain is an area that has garnered significant interest. While CBD products are not FDA-approved for pain relief, they offer an alternative for individuals who rely on habit-forming medications like opioids. This listicle delves into the current research and findings related to CBD’s efficacy in alleviating chronic pain.

Understanding CBD and Its Effects

CBD, short for cannabidiol, is a cannabinoid found in cannabis plants, including marijuana and hemp. Unlike its counterpart THC, CBD does not induce a “high.”

Some researchers believe that CBD interacts with the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in the body, which plays a role in regulating pain and inflammation.

Current Research on Pain Management

A 2018 review examined studies on CBD’s effectiveness in relieving chronic pain. The review included research conducted from 1975 to March 2018, assessing various types of pain.

The findings suggested that CBD was effective in managing overall pain without causing negative side effects.

Potential Benefits for Arthritis

Research from 2016 focused on CBD’s effects on rats with arthritis. The rats were given CBD gel at different dosages over four days.

Researchers observed reduced inflammation and pain in the rats’ joints, with no obvious side effects. However, more human studies are necessary to confirm these results.

Exploring Cancer-Related Pain Relief

In a 2010 study, participants with cancer-related pain received oral sprays of a THC-CBD extract alongside opioids. This combination provided more effective pain relief than opioids alone.

The National Cancer Institute (NCI) has also pointed to CBD as a potential option for reducing chemotherapy side effects.

Insights from Migraine Studies

A 2017 study explored the effects of CBD and THC on migraine pain. In a two-phase study, higher doses of the compounds led to a significant reduction in acute pain.

Participants who received a combination of CBD and THC compounds experienced a 40.4 percent decrease in migraine attacks.

Limitations and Considerations

While research on CBD and pain management is promising, it’s important to note that nonprescription CBD products are not FDA-approved.

They lack regulation for purity and dosage, which underscores the importance of consulting a healthcare professional before use.

CBD’s potential as a pain management tool is an exciting development, particularly for those seeking alternatives to traditional medications. Though the research is promising, further studies are needed to confirm CBD’s efficacy and safety. As always, it’s crucial to consult with a healthcare provider to determine if CBD is a suitable option for your specific condition.

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