Health
How to Stay Safe During a Polar Vortex
Health Points
- Arctic air from the polar vortex can rapidly drop temperatures and increase health risks such as frostbite, hypothermia, and heart strain.
- Layering insulated clothing, covering exposed skin, and using warm accessories are key defenses against cold-related injuries.
- People over 40 and those with chronic conditions, like heart disease or diabetes, should be extra vigilant to prevent complications in extreme cold.
Much of the central and eastern United States is preparing for several rounds of frigid Arctic air in the coming weeks. These temperature drops can lead to dangerous wind chills, scattered snow, and heightened health risks for adults, particularly those over 40.
A polar vortex brings expanded cold from the poles, challenging the body with symptoms ranging from numbness and color changes in the skin to impaired coordination and confusion. Protecting yourself starts with proper layering and insulated accessories.
“It can also happen in under protected areas, for example if you wear thin socks and tennis shoes out in extreme cold, especially if there’s also snow or slush,” says Brad Uren, MD, of Michigan Health.
If fingers or toes start to feel numb or you see their color change, it’s important to head inside and warm up. Early action helps prevent deeper injuries and complications.
Hypothermia is less common than frostbite but far more serious. Look for signs like shivering that stops, slowed speech, or intense fatigue, and seek emergency help right away.
“Confusion or poor coordination in the cold — almost acting intoxicated — is an indication of hypothermia and that person needs emergency medical attention,” says Uren.
People living with chronic conditions such as asthma or diabetes face increased sensitivity to cold weather. Reduced sensation in the hands and feet makes it harder to notice frostbite, while cold exposure may also worsen lung or heart symptoms. Taking precautions and limiting time outside during extreme cold can make a critical difference, especially for those managing health conditions.
Stay prepared and dress warmly to help avoid seasonal hazards. Share these practical strategies with friends and family to support winter wellness for all.
